The intergenerational transmission of income mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters: The mediating role of their daughters' educational attainment

This study examines whether the daughters' educational attainment mediates the intergenerational transmission of economic mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters. To create mother–daughter dyads, two data sets were combined: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY). A total of 2,456 dyads were included for analysis. We used a mediation model to explore the relationship between mothers' income and their young adult daughters' income. Mothers' income was associated with their young adult daughters' educational attainment and income. The mediation model indicated partial mediation of the relationship between mothers' income and their young adult daughters' income via their young adult daughters' educational attainment. Addressing issues of income inequality among mothers may serve as a buffer against the low upward mobility across generations for their young adult daughters raised by low-income mothers. It is imperative to provide programs and financial assistance for mothers to bolster their income and thereby their daughters' educational attainment and income in young adulthood and therefore improve economic mobility from mothers to daughters.     

Integrating self-care into clinical practice with trauma clients

ABSTRACT

Self-care is recognized as an important aspect of social work practice. Beginning in educational settings, developing social workers are encouraged to learn about and practice self-care. However, self-care is typically promoted through strategies and approaches outside of the practice context. Social workers are oftentimes encouraged to use individualized self-care plans, which often feature a variety of relaxation and secondary techniques; focus on self-awareness and self-reflection; and have proper use of supervision. Although these strategies are invaluable, they do little to directly benefit the social worker during direct practice or while in session with a client which is a time period when clinicians are particularly vulnerable to distress or burnout. The importance of real-time self-care strategies is particularly critical for clinicians, especially those who engage in trauma work, given the sensitivity of topics that clients may have endured or benefit from assistance in processing. Further, little information has been published on the use of self-care techniques during a session with a client or in a clinical context. The purpose of the present paper is to discuss self-care strategies that can be useful both outside of and within a clinical setting and present a model of such strategies that focus on integrating self-care in clinical practice particularly for those engaging in trauma work. The paper will conclude by discussing the relevancy of the developed model in practice.     

谁是下一代农场主? ——家庭农场主的职业代际传递意愿及其发生机制研究

文章从制度支持机制、机会结构约束机制和收益-风险约束机制三个维度分析了影响家庭农场主职业传递意愿的相关因素。研究发现,制度支持机制对农场主的职业代际传递有一定程度的影响,相对于选择家族内其他成员而言,政府开展的人才培训和政府补贴有助于农场主子女作为职业代际传递对象;机会结构约束机制对家庭农场主的职业代际传递有着显著的正向影响,相对于选择家族外成员而言,在子女参与农场劳动的情况下,农场主将优先选择子女作为职业继承人;从收益-风险约束机制来看,家庭农场的短期收益对农场主的职业传递意愿并不具有显著的统计影响;农场主在认为农场经营存在较高风险的潜在收益时更愿意选择子女接手未来的农场经营。由此提出：除了进一步加强对家庭农场的制度支持外,还应该提供相应的风险应对策略,鼓励发展亲代与子代共同经营的家庭农场;在乡村振兴战略的指导下,应该为具备农业企业家才能的能人创造宽松的环境,并致力于加强农村经济组织之间的交流与合作。     

忍辱、逃离与流浪：论《微物之神》的女性创伤书写

运用弗洛伊德的创伤理论来解读印度女作家阿兰达蒂·洛伊获奖作品《微物之神》,剖析了小说中三代女性所遭遇的身体和心理上的创伤,将宗教、阶级、性别和创伤主题有机连接在一起,从而反映了不仅仅是个别女性,更代表印度女性的整体创伤记忆,同时也表达了印度广大女性对自身生存状态的关注和期待改变的强烈愿望。     

Intergenerational Life Courses of Teenage Pregnancy in Ogbomosho South‐Western Nigeria

Concern that the teenage pregnancy rate in an urban community in Southwest Nigeria has doubled within the last decade prompted an intergenerational survey of a sample of 277 respondents (163 pregnant teenagers, 91 teen parents and 23 adult parents who were once teen parents) selected through snowballing and then interviewed in four group discussions in Ogbomosho, Nigeria. Findings revealed that 43.5 per cent of the female and 48.5 per cent of the male teenagers informed their parents first when they became pregnant or made someone pregnant respectively. They also showed that lack of knowledge about puberty (21.3%) was a major factor that influenced teenage pregnancy. The majority (53.4%) of the respondents believed that their parents perceived teenage pregnancy as God's blessing, while it was perceived as sign of poverty by their school teachers (36.5%). Blame for unwanted pregnancy was put on the girls by 49.5 per cent of the respondents. Focused educational enlightenment for teenagers on sexual reproductive health is needed for reshaping teenagers' risky behaviours. This is in line with 25.6 per cent of the respondents who felt that community youth forum on sex education could reduce teenage pregnancy.     

大流感、战争与创伤记忆——《灰色马，灰色的骑手》中的创伤叙事

文学界对凯瑟琳·安·波特的研究多停留在其写作风格上,实际上,如果结合小说的第一次世界大战和1918年大流感爆发的背景来看,她的短篇小说《灰色马,灰色的骑手》是一部创伤小说。其中的创伤叙事不仅有助于个人的创伤修复,更揭露了被帝国战争话语掩盖的集体创伤,是对历史叙事的一次积极补充和修改。     

Intergenerational Exchanges of Middle‐Aged Adults With Their Parents and Parents‐In‐Law in Korea

The authors investigated patterns of support exchanges between Korean adult children and their parents and parents‐in‐law, gender differences in these patterns, and implications of children's marital quality for exchange patterns. Data were from a nationally representative sample of married adults (N = 920, age 30–59 years) with at least 1 living parent and 1 living parent‐in‐law. Latent class analysis was applied to 12 indicators of exchanges (financial, instrumental, emotional support given to and received from parents and parents‐in‐law). Five classes of exchanges were identified, 3 showing balanced patterns of exchanges with parents and parents‐in‐law across three types of support and 2 classes with unbalanced patterns (e.g., giving instrumental and financial but not emotional support). The findings revealed variability in intergenerational exchange patterns, with a mix of patrilineal traditional and balanced patterns. Significant associations of exchange patterns with adult children's marital quality suggest the importance of balanced exchanges with parents for marriage.     

Factors Associated With Substance Use Disorders Among Traumatized Homeless Youth

This study aimed to identify homeless youths’ lifestyle and trauma-related risk factors as well as protective factors associated with alcohol use disorder or no disorder and drug use disorder or no disorder. Youth receiving homeless services in Denver (n = 201), Austin (n = 200), and Los Angeles (n = 200; N = 601) completed quantitative interviews assessing demographic information, alcohol and drug use, homeless lifestyle risk factors, trauma-related risk factors, and protective factors. Findings showed differences in trauma-related risk factors between alcohol and drug use disorders, but not homeless lifestyle risks. Protective factors predicted substance use disorders beyond risk factors. Understanding trauma-related risk and protective factors associated with substance use disorders could improve interventions.